| EDUCATION |
The goal of synagogue education is to provide
knowledge and understanding of Judaism, as a means of encouraging religious
devotion and dedication to living a Jewish Life.
Synagogue education is a lifelong process,
and programming must be provided for all ages: pre-school through adulthood.
Synagogue education should be pervasive,
striving to integrate all members of the Temple family.
Current Programs
- Religious School
The Temple Beth
El Religious School is currently staffed by an Education Director, sixteen
teachers, tutors, teenage classroom aides and a secretary. A volunteer
board of education sets school policies, oversees the educational process
and participates in the management and operation of the school. Parents
actively participate in school programming.
The faculty is drawn from the surrounding
community. Many are certified public school teachers, while others
have a strong desire to work with children. Teachers participate in
staff development activities and are encouraged to share ideas and work
in teams on each grade level. Monthly faculty meetings are held to
discuss school-wide issues and programming.
The purpose of the Temple Beth El Religious School, nursery school through grade seven is to impart the Jewish way of life to the children and their families. The children should understand, appreciate and affirm the following:
The skill to read Hebrew, and participate in and lead Shabbat services.
The ideas and practices of Conservative Judaism.
developing a love for G-d, the Jewish people and all humanity;
the importance of Tzedakah;
the importance of shabbat, Kashrut and other basics of Jewish life;
Jewish holidays, observances and standards;
the highest ethical and moral standards;
spiritual and emotional growth through honest questioning and discussion;
Our Jewish heritage and destiny.
a love for the State of Israel, its land and its people;
their role in the life of a Jewish community;
respect for diversity within the Jewish and general communities;
the joy of being Jewish.
Grades K-2 are in session every Sunday from 9:30 am - 12:00 p.m.;
Grades 3 - 7 meet on Sundays from 9:30 am - 12:00 p.m. and Tuesdays
from 3:30 - 6:00 p.m.
Temple Beth El Religious school follows
a curriculum designed to meet its mission. The Religious School has
developed curriculum guides for teachers. This ensures developmental
skill building and consistency throughout the grades. In addition,
all children have music class once per week. The table below highlights
the emphasis in each grade level.
| GRADE | HEBREW | JUDAIC |
| N | songs, dances | songs, dances, crafts |
| K | Hebrew names, objects in Hebrew | holidays, Shabbat and customs |
| 1 | letter recognition | holidays, Shabbat and customs |
| 2 | directed practice, letter sounds | holidays, Shabbat and customs |
| 3 | read sentences, prayers | intro to Torah, customs, ceremonies |
| 4 | prayer curriculum, script | Israel, intro to Prophets |
| 5 | prayer curriculum, script | life cycle, post biblical history |
| 6 | prayer curriculum, trope | Jews in America |
| 7 | Siddur (promote prayer book Hebrew literacy: the ability to read and understand prayers), trope, Torah study | current affairs, Holocaust, ethics |
From grade three and above, students are grouped heterogeneously. This allows for:
positive social interaction
peer education
a variety of learning situations.
There is a serious effort to inform and
involve Hebrew Day School students in Temple Beth El religious school
activities as well as in Shabbat morning services.
There are family education programs where
parents are also taught during school hours.
A structured tutorial program is offered
for those requiring remedial Hebrew assistance.
Bar/bat mitzvah classes are offered to
non-affiliated Russian children in the community.
It is traditional to give Tzedakah on a
regular basis. Since we want children to understand the importance
of giving, sharing and helping, they are asked that Tzedakah be given
at each class session. Every class decides how the Tzedakah money is
donated. These contributions may have more meaning if a portion comes
from the student's allowance.
School Participation in Beth El Cares
Beth El Cares, the congregation's social
action program, has school participation programs which are designed
to give children a hands-on experience, working with others to benefit
mankind. These include:
| GRADE | ISSUE | FOCUS | ACTION |
| K | kindness to animals | animal needs, ecology | visit humane society, raise money, posters |
| 1 | food | feed the needy | food drive for shelters |
| 2 | clothing | clothe the needy | holidays and customs |
| 3 | environment/ecology | recycle, LI Sound | paper recycling, Tu B'shevat, trees |
| 4 | shelter | homelessness | provide meals, home renovations |
| 5 | the elderly | needs of seniors | visit senior residences, programs, pen pals |
| 6 | Israel/world Jewry | Jews around the world | pen pals, donate musical instruments |
| 7 | prejudice education | interfaith/inter-racial relations | interfaith service/seder |
School Participation in Shabbat Services
For Children
Temple Beth El offers Shabbat services
for children every week from 10:30 am to 12:00 p.m., September through
June. Kindergarten through second grade students meet for the "K'tanim"
Service in the triple classroom (rooms 10, 11, 12); young People's
Service (grades 3 - 6) meets in the chapel. Students in those grades
are expected to attend a minimum of twelve times per year during the
school year. Children join the main service for the concluding hymn
and Kiddush.
All students who attend have an opportunity
to participate in the service. Parts for the young People's Service
may be assigned in the Religious School classroom. Classes are honored
on a rotating basis. Parents are welcome to attend these services with
their children.
Grade seven students are expected to fulfill
the Temple requirement of regular congregational attendance (three times
per month) for six months prior to their Bar/bat mitzvah. (An experimental
program started in January, 1997 has seventh grade students attending
Shabbat services in lieu of Sunday classes in order to become familiar
with Shabbat rituals.)
Programs For Pre-Schoolers
Bereshith
Tot Shabbat
Shabbat morning "Gan Bet El"
Every Shabbat morning, young children
have an opportunity to experience story telling, singing and dancing
while their parents and older siblings attend other services. Children
first experience the majesty of shabbat in these age-appropriate activities
(for ages 2 - 4). Parents with infants 23 months or younger are encouraged
to be with their children at this program. Children of all ages are
always welcome in the main sanctuary.
Merkaz Torah
is Stamford's Community High School for Jewish Studies, sponsored by
the United Jewish Federation and Congregations Agudath Sholom, Temple
Beth El and Temple Sinai. Merkaz Torah has a diverse population. All
courses are taught without denominational bias and one need not be affiliated
with a synagogue to be eligible for enrollment.
Students in 8th through 12th grade meet
Wednesday evenings in the fall and spring semesters. Locations alternate
among the three synagogues.
Merkaz Torah offers an enriched academic
program in order to provide an environment in which teens are exposed
to a variety of ideas, values and practices to help clarify their Jewish
identity. The goal of both the curriculum and staff is to provide the
opportunities to develop strong, positive Jewish values and sense of
unity with the Jewish people.
The Confirmation Class is a 10th grade
program leading to a confirmation ceremony. In addition to attending
Merkaz Torah, students meet weekly for six months with the hazzan and
rabbi in preparation for their confirmation on Shavuoth.
Current Programs
- Adult Education
Short courses
are offered in various subjects such as Jewish culture, holidays, life
cycle events, and history.
Beginning Hebrew classes are offered regularly
and a Yiddish class was offered on a few occasions.
Adult Bar/Bat Mitzvah classes have been
held over the years.
Guest speakers are invited to services
several times a year, and there are more formal programs such as the
Annual Harold Hoffman Lecture and the Annual Scholar in Residence weekend.
Learner's services are offered, with tutorials
in various aspects of the service.
Discussion groups meet at various congregants'
homes.
An intermarriage support group has been
formed.
Field trips to museums and places of interest
(e.g., the lower East Side of NYC) are occasionally taken by interested
groups.
Current Programs
- Supplemental Education
A Torah and Talmud
study class which meets downtown at lunchtime has recently been formed.
The Temple participates with UJF in sponsoring
film screenings.
Special children's Shabbat programs are
held.
Services for various age groups are held
on the High Holy Days.
Three youth groups are receiving more attention
this year (1996-1997): fourth/fifth grades, sixth/seventh/eighth grades,
and ninth/tenth/eleventh/twelfth grades. A Youth Director has been
hired, reporting to the Education Director, and the parental Youth Committee
is becoming increasingly active. Youths are being encouraged to participate
in various Temple Beth El sponsored social and service programs on a
regular basis.
Chanukah packages and other mailings are
sent to college students.
Temple members participate in Israel trips
for families and students; as well as the March of the Living trips
to Poland and Israel.
Need for
Change in Education Programs
The Bereshith
program, as currently constituted, has only recently become financially
self-supporting. It is perceived by some as being in competition with
the JCC Nursery School. Since there are no solid demographics regarding
this program, it is not possible to assess its impact on attracting
Beth El members or being a moneymaking enterprise for the Temple. The
1994 Temple survey indicated that 58 percent of parents with children
under 10 years old and 48 percent of the membership as a whole thought
that the Temple should involve itself in nursery school, either alone
or collaboratively.
The religious school, grades K-7 is not accredited by United Synagogue of Conservative Judiasm. Gaining accreditation would necessitate:
adding one hour a week to the school calendar (6 hours rather than the current 5)
hiring accredited teachers, at higher salaries than the Temple now pays
introducing a more formal process for screening, recruiting, training and performance appraisals for the teaching staff
Many of the benefits of accreditation are
achievable by concentrating on improving the curriculum and the skill
levels of the teaching staff. The remaining benefits are due to closer
ties to USCJ, and may be achieved by seeking accreditation at a later
time.
The 1994 Temple survey showed that the
membership was interested in an expanded curriculum. Specifically,
67 percent for more Jewish ethics/morals, 57 percent for more Jewish
culture, and 47 percent for more modern Hebrew language skills.
In general, religious school is negatively
perceived by many students and parents. Many parents tend to take the
position that religious school is a necessary evil, inflicted on their
children as one of their parental obligations. Parent's interest and
participation in religious school matters is minimal. Students tend
to view the whole "Jewish education" scenario as an experience
to be endured only until the day of their Bar or Bat Mitzvah. Fortunately,
the situation at Temple Beth El is not that gloomy. In the 1994 Temple
survey, 64 percent of members asked for classes for parents to stay
involved in what their children are learning and the 48 percent of members
wanted more opportunities for religious school related family activities
such as seminars and field trips.
Almost all students and many of their parents
lose interest in any Temple activities immediately following the child's
Bar/Bat Mitzvah. The loss of involvement is a membership attrition
problem in the short run and a membership attraction issue in the longer
run. The Temple's loss of a family when their children are teen-agers
is compounded by their children not growing up in the congregation and
becoming members themselves as a natural course of events. At Temple
Beth El, the recognition of this tendency is reflected by the 55 percent
of members with children under 10 years old and 43 percent of the members
as a whole, who answered "yes" to the 1994 Temple survey question
about extending religious school to confirmation at age 15.
While there have been several successful
individual adult education programs, it has been impossible to develop
the critical mass that would make adult education an integral part of
the congregational experience for a significant number of members on
an ongoing basis. The 1994 Temple survey question on adult education
showed interest levels of 40 percent for Jewish history, 39 percent
for Jewish culture and practice, 39 percent for Jewish ethics/morals,
and 32 percent for modern Hebrew language studies. This aspect of the
congregation's vitality and vibrancy may prove to be truly a "chicken
and egg question" regarding cause and effect relationships.
The use of modern technologies for education
has not been stressed at Beth El. Technologies aimed at education "any
time, any place, at any pace" offer opportunities for extending
learning hours, targeting curriculum to individuals, involving more
family members, and even involving people who are precluded from on-premises
participation for various reasons. The pace of change in use of technology
to make education more enjoyable through games, interactive opportunities
with off-site experts, easy to use but very powerful research tools,
and communications with others having similar interests in extended
discussion groups is escalating rapidly and the Temple must start positioning
itself to be an active participant in that emerging world, one which
is increasingly becoming an expectation of the general public.
Coordination of educational programs across
the Jewish community in Stamford is minimal. There is, therefore, competition
among the various programs offered to the same target audience. There
is lost opportunity to gain critical mass for larger programs within
the community as a whole, rather than the prevalent model of competitive
fragmentation which invites small program failures. As an example,
44 percent of the 1994 Temple survey respondents said they would welcome
a new Jewish Day School which was Conservative rather than Orthodox.
Lack of educational program coordination
across the Stamford Jewish community also has a negative impact on the
cost of educational programs. Joint efforts and cooperative programs
cover a larger base and reduce the unit costs of delivering educational
services.
The education
mission and need for improvement in religious education brings with
them the vision of an active educational environment encompassing Temple
Beth El as part of the Jewish community of Stamford. This vision of
coordinated and cooperative programming is a theme that runs through
several of the recommendations which follow. It is a complementary
theme to the vision of Temple Beth El being a source of "cradle
to grave" religious education as a key component of its own vibrant
and vital congregation.
There must also be a new commitment by
the Temple to provide excellence in education using whatever means can
be afforded. That must include investments in technology to introduce
new tools which will become routine modes of operation for the Temple's
educational programs. In the near term, such technologies will include
audio and video tapes, computer-based learning tools, and use of facilities
available through the Internet and World Wide Web for Jewish research,
discourse, and education. Here too, the vision is a complementary theme
to the vision of Temple Beth El being a source of lifelong religious
education.
Temple Beth El should actively seek external
funding for its youth and adult educational programs. This could take
the form of partnering arrangements with others to share costs, as well
as actively seeking outside grant moneys to fund specific educational
activities or programs.
Temple Beth
El should be more involved in nursery school and day care facilities
for its members and for prospective members from the larger Jewish community.
The preferable way to approach this goal is through partnerships within
the community. The JCC is the most likely source of a core program,
with input from Temple Beth El and the other congregations to develop
a generic "Jewish nursery program" that is satisfactory to
the whole spectrum of Jewish community beliefs and practices. Temple
Beth El should pursue partnering with the JCC in nursery school activities,
including use of Temple facilities to house satellite programs.
The Bereshith program should be both re-oriented
and expanded. The two objectives in revamping this program will be
to keep it financially profitable for Beth El and to have it complement
the broader/generic community programs with the particular beliefs and
practices of the Conservative Movement.
Should it prove impossible to develop a
community-wide program on a partnership basis, Temple Beth El should
review the feasibility of undertaking nursery school and day care services
for the Conservative Jewish community as a standalone (and competitive)
program in the area. The Bereshith program would form the foundation
of such a program.
Responsibility for baby sitting programs
such as Gan Bet El needs to be clearly stated. Given the educational
orientation, it is recommended that the Board of Education be the responsible
Temple arm for such programs.
Religious
School (Grades K-12) Recommendations
The Temple Beth
El religious school program should be re-oriented to a complete K-12 curriculum.
The perception that any religious schooling after 7th grade is a purely
voluntary afterthought needs to be changed, and the best place to start
changing it is at the very beginning of formal schooling.
The revamping of the religious school program
should consider expanding it to six hours per week, if curriculum expansion
or need for more emphasis makes such expansion necessary. Curriculum
expansion should include more content, particularly in the upper grades,
in the areas of Torah studies, Jewish ethics/morals (especially in the
context of modern day life), Jewish culture, and modern Hebrew language.
Curriculum modifications should be made
to accommodate both slower and gifted or more experienced (e.g., Hebrew
day school students) children in the religious school. This could take
the form of a few tracks within grade level which offer both remedial
lessons and study assignments more challenging than the mainstream curriculum.
Faster track students, including those from Hebrew day schools, may
be challenged with special projects and by assignments to serve as tutors
for other students.
If not done as part of an expanded six-hour
per week program, additional programming should be put into the curriculum
for Shabbat sessions which will serve to relate observing rituals with
religious education.
The upper grades (8-12) religious school
curriculum, with Merkaz Torah and Temple Beth El confirmation classes
as its core, should be much more tightly linked to the various social
and service organizations and activities for Jewish youth. Merkaz itself
should extend its partnership reach across the congregations to involve
the various youth groups of all Jewish movements in joint social activities
which will enrich the Merkaz experience for all students. Merkaz Torah
and youth activities should make every effort to involve Hebrew day
school graduates.
The Merkaz Torah program needs to be strengthened.
Making it a natural part of Temple Beth El congregational life (i.e.,
a requirement) is one approach. Linking it more to social and service
programs for Jewish youth as a way to get more young people involved
is another. Additional approaches need to be found to increase participation
by all of the congregations, and particularly the participation by students
and graduates of Hebrew day schools.
Parental involvement in Temple Beth El
religious school programs must be greatly increased. A PTA organization
should be formed and communications to parents about grade level activities
initiated through newsletters. PTA activities should promote parental
involvement in what is happening in their children's classes - by encouraging
visits, by having parents assist in the classroom, by fostering home
discussions of subjects covered in the school, and by various special
programs and activities aimed at increasing parental involvement.
Parental involvement in religious school
activities should involve classes for parents, both with and without
their children. In the upper grades, discussion groups in key areas
should be held with combined parent-teacher-student groups as part of
the curriculum. This should be linked to ritual and observance practices
curricula, as well as to Jewish values as applied to modern day living.
At several points in each child's religious
education, there should be concentrated programming such as a Shabbaton
weekend. Some of these should be with their peers and instructors/leaders,
while others should be family events. Such weekends would be designed
for experiencing ritual and religious observance, getting to know themselves
and those around them better, and as social interchanges - all in the
context of being Jews in modern day life.
The support system for religious school
teachers at Temple Beth El should be strengthened. Mentoring programs
for new teachers should be formalized to ensure consistency and continuity
of education. Mentoring should be extended to experienced teachers
through outside volunteers (e.g., retired religious school teachers,
Board of Education members or other qualified Temple members).
Teaching staff support should include expanded
workshop programs, including summer programs.
Support for the teaching staff should include
establishment and maintenance of a Teacher's Resource Room for the school.
The Teacher's Resource Room should contain materials and suggestions
for teaching modules on curriculum subjects, arranged by grade and subject
for ease of access.
A formal program of annual curriculum review
by the teaching staff, Board of Education and interested parents should
be established. This would be a full review against accreditation standards
and current recommended practices, separate from the shorter term reviews
and adjustments made during the school year as part of normal ongoing
operations.
A formal program of teacher performance
appraisals should be established, with reviews held at least annually
and preferably twice annually. This implies the establishment of standards
and procedures for recruiting and training faculty, as well as the documentation
of acceptable performance standards and appraisal/interview procedures.
The current Temple Beth El Library should
be replaced by a media center. This new center needs to encompass technology
in offering computer-based lessons, on-line access to research sources,
audio/video lessons for individuals and groups, recorders for language
skills practice, and even access to remotely taught lessons with a local
moderator (i.e., educational TV network access).
In addition, the Temple should take a leadership
position in promoting home-based learning through technology. This
could take such forms as school homework assignments involving Internet
research, CD-ROM and TV based learning games sold by the gift shop,
and even sales of computer based learning tools for children and adults.
A library loan program for CD-ROM and TV based educational materials
could be instituted on the same basis as for books, complemented by
a gift shop sales program of the same materials.
The introduction of technology-based research
and lessons does not obviate the need for a good library of books and
periodicals. In fact, the Temple Beth El media center must be far stronger
than our current library. This strength would be found through partnering
with the other congregations, Jewish Historical Society, United Synagogue
of Conservative Judaism, University of Connecticut, Ferguson Library
and others in making available a large catalogue of Jewish and Hebrew
literature; either on a reference or home-loan basis.
The introduction of an expanded media center
should be coupled with a "Jewish Reading is Fundamental" program.
Both religious school students and adult congregation members should
be strongly encouraged to read Jewish/Hebrew literature across a wide
range of subjects, including religious, historical, contemporary issues
and fiction. Discussion groups within the school curriculum
and Adult Education programs should be used to foster this goal. The
PTA and parental involvement in the religious school should also be
used to encourage such reading.
The religious school physical plant requires
upgrading, and perhaps expansion. There is room for a few additional
classrooms and they should be constructed as soon as is practical.
The furnishings in all of the classrooms needs to be replaced by more
modern equipment, and a program should be established to fund and purchase
new furniture over a period of a few years.
Adult Education
Recommendations
A study of both
successful and unsuccessful adult education programs over the past few
years is needed to better understand the demographics and psychographics
of such programming within the Temple membership.
In the absence of such studies, there are a few objectives which have emerged from observation of the more successful programs. These include:
A larger proportion of short courses and one-time lectures should be utilized to minimize the commitment required of the participants, most of whom invariably have many conflicting demands on their time and location.
Charges should be minimal but should always be present, both to offset costs and to gain more commitment by the participants.
Adult education programs should be self funded, with any differences between costs and small charges underwritten by grants.
Programs should be coordinated within the Jewish community and multi-organization sponsorship should be the preferred approach to programming.
Programs must be announced several weeks in advance and well publicized.
Programs tailored to specific audiences
are as important as those geared to the majority. Target populations
for special programming include singles, single parents, seniors, and
intermarrieds.
More emphasis on Hebrew literacy is needed
at Beth El, a congregation where more than half the members do not read
Hebrew comfortably. A larger number of shorter courses, repeating at
regular intervals, will give members the best chance of picking up the
needed skills - being able to repeat sessions or make up ones missed
over the repeating series. The curriculum should start from basic alphabet
and reading, through intermediate reading and basic prayer skills, and
into advanced topics such as Torah reading. The use of television and
computer based learning of skills through games and exercises should
be supported and encouraged.
Hebrew as a language, with script writing
and basic vocabulary and grammar skills as its goal is also of interest
to many congregants (32 percent of the 1994 Temple survey respondents).
Here, too, a series of short and repeated classes should be used to
allow the students to jump in and out as their schedules permit and
still be able to learn the basics over time.
Yiddish as a language has also been popular
in the past and 25 percent of the 1994 Temple survey respondents expressed
interest in it as an adult education subject. It should be tried again,
but probably not with the same participants that are enrolled in Hebrew
classes. Timing, therefore, may be an issue here.
Both Hebrew and Yiddish are of wide community
interest and suitable for partnership efforts. Such a partnership would,
it is hoped, lead to more multi-sponsored adult education ventures in
areas where congregational beliefs and practices are not important to
the subject matter. Over time, an adult education program operated
similar to Merkaz Torah could emerge; one which would allow targeting
the entire Jewish community for some topics while preserving individual
congregational identities for others.
Subjects specific to the Conservative Movement
should be targeted to the Beth El membership through learner's services,
adult Bar/Bat Mitzvah classes, short courses, individual lectures, and
materials from United Synagogue, The Rabbinical Assembly, and others.
These would include subjects dealing with ritual, observance, some life
cycle events, and others. The vehicles for such programs will continue
to be Shabbat services, discussion groups and special programs such
as the annual Scholar in Residence and Harold Hoffman Lectures. Where
topics are less directed toward Conservative views, community participation
and partnering remains the preferred approach. Such partnering could
take the form of the Judaic Studies Program at the University of Connecticut,
programs sponsored by JCC, UJF and others, and joint sponsorship of
programs with other congregations.
One program which has been successful at
many temples is a second seder night dinner. There seems to be enough
interest in it to try it at Beth El, and if it is successful to institutionalize
it as an annual event. The seder would be led by the Beth El clergy
and/or lay leaders.
Another program which has the potential
of becoming a long-running one is a book discussion group. It would
meet at member's homes in an informal atmosphere to discuss a book all
have read and to select a book for the next meeting. Given the wide
range of Jewish literature, both fiction and non-fiction, this program
could grow to multiple groups with narrower ranges of literary interests.
As opportunities arise, field trips should
be used as part of the adult education program. There are many museums
and exhibits within a few hours travel time of Stamford which could
become focal points for a trip. Coordination with the social activities
programming at Beth El and partnering with other organizations in the
Jewish community are both means of making such trips more successful.
Supplemental
Education Programs Recommendations
The establishment
of a Board of Jewish Education in the community will serve to focus
the many cooperative efforts that are needed; in pre-school programs;
Merkaz Torah, adult education, and special programs. One of the critical
missions of this board will be to coordinate programming in the context
of each congregation's individual needs while taking every advantage
of the many opportunities to develop multi-sponsored programs for larger
segments of the Jewish community. Temple Beth El should exercise a
leadership role in establishing and maintaining such a body.
The various Jewish youth programs in the
area need to be revitalized and made an integral part of growing up
in this community. Through close cooperation between the social and
educational programming across the various age groups and congregations,
the experience of "growing up Jewish" can be made far more
meaningful to all of our children. Here too, Temple Beth El should
exercise a leadership role in promoting the needed cooperation among
congregations and other organizations of all Jewish movements.
Young adults (18-25), many of whom are away
at college much of the year, should be targeted with several programs
to keep them in touch with Temple Beth El and Stamford Jewish community
life. In addition to mailings, such as the current Chanukah menorah
mailing to college students, some class newsletters about "who's
where doing what", invitations to communicate via Internet E-mail,
and holiday/vacation get togethers are all suitable vehicles for letting
the Temple's young adults stay closer to one another and to the Temple
itself. If the student demographics indicate it, supporting a Hillel
chapter at the Stamford branch of U. Conn. would also be worthwhile.
Most of these programs invite cooperative efforts across the community,
supplemented by individual congregational efforts.
Travel opportunities have long been a key
component of religious education programs. Participation by Beth El
families in the UJF "Gift of Israel" program, the "March
of the Living" trip, Temple-sponsored or individual family trips
to Israel, and several other programs geared to having young people
see Israel for themselves, should be encouraged.